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Principal component analysis (PCA) can be performed to visualize clusters in the methylation data, but also serves as a quality control procedure; outliers within a group could suggest poor data quality, batch effects, mislabeled samples, or uninformative groupings.

  • Select female_only in the spreadsheet tree
  • Select Plot PCA Scatter Plot from the QA/QC section of the Illumina BeadArray Methylation workflow to bring up a Scatter Plot tab
  • Select 2. Experimental Group for Color by  
  • Select (to enable Rotate Mode
  • Left click and drag to rotate the plot and view different angles (Figure 1)

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SubtitleTextPrincipal components analysis (PCA) showing methylation profiles of the study samples. Each sample is represented by a dot, the axes are first three PCs, the number in parenthesis indicate the fraction of variance explained by each PC. The number at the top is the variance explained by the first three PCs. The samples are colored by levels of 2. Cell Type
AnchorNameAnnotated PCA plot

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Next, distribution of M-values across the samples can also be inspected by a box-and-whiskers plot. 

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SubtitleTextBox and whiskers plot showing distribution of M-values (y-axis) across the study samples (x-axis). Samples are colored by a categorical attribute (Cell Type). The middle line is the median, box represents the upper and the lower quartile, while the whiskers correspond to the 90th and 10th percentile of the data
AnchorNamebox whiskers plot

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An alternative way to take a look at the distribution of M-values is a histogram. 

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SubtitleTextSample histogram. Each sample is a line, M-values are on the horizontal axis and their frequencies on the vertical axis. Two peaks correspond to two probe types (I and II) present on the MethylationEPIC array. Sample colors correspond to a categorical attribute (Cell Type)
AnchorNamesample histogram

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